½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢Àº 1933³â¿¡ ±¹Á¦»ó¾÷ȸÀÇ¼Ò ÀºÇàÀ§¿øȸ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© óÀ½ Á¦Á¤µÈ ÀÌ·¡·Î ¾à 10³â¿¡ Çѹø ²Ã·Î °³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÇöÀç 6Â÷ °³Á¤¾ÈÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿ ÀºÇàÀ§¿øȸ¿¡¼´Â Á¦Á¤°ú °³Á¤ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¿©·¯ ÀºÇàµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ½Å¿ëÀå ÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ÀÇ Çؼ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ´äÇÏ°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ´äº¯ ³»¿ëÀº Àϳ⿡ µÎ ¹ø¾¿ ¿¸®´Â ÃÑȸ¿¡¼ ½ÉÀÇµÇ°í °ø½ÄÀÇ°ßÀ¸·Î äÅÃÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
2012³â ÀºÇàÀ§¿øȸÀÇ °ø½Ä ÀÇ°ß
¾Æ·¡ÀÇ °ø½ÄÀÇ°ßÀº 2012³â¿¡ ¿¸° Á¤±â ÃÑȸ¿¡¼ °ø½ÄÀÇ°ßÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ¾Õ ºÎºÐ¿¡´Â ÁúÀÇ, »ç·Ê ±×¸®°í °ø½ÄÀÇ°ß ³»¿ëÀ» ½Ç¾ú°í ±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç °ø½ÄÀÇ°ß¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ½Ç¹«¿Í ¹ý·üÀûÀÎ Ãø¸éÀÇ °ËÅ並 °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô Ã·ºÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀºÇàÀ§¿øȸÀÇ °ø½Ä ÀÇ°ßÀº ÀºÇà ½Ç¹«¿¡¼ ±âÁØÀÌ µÇ°í ³ª¾Æ°¡¼ ¹ý¿ø¿¡¼ ½Å¿ëÀå ÅëÀϱÔÄ¢À» Çؼ®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¸Å¿ì ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ·á·Î »ç¿ëÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ ½Å¿ëÀå °Å·¡¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÀºÇàÀÌµç ¼öÃâÀÔ ¾÷üµç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀºÇàÀ§¿øȸÀÇ °ø½Ä ÀÇ°ßÀº Àß Âü°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.
¡¼ÁúÀÇ¡½
º¸ÇèÁõ±Ç¿¡ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ°¡ À߸ø ±âÀÔ µÈ °æ¿ì ÇÏÀÚÀΰ¡?
¡¼»ç·Ê¡½
Field 46A of MT700 (Documents Required):
¿ä±¸ ¼·ù
+ Clean air waybill in 2 non-negotiable photocopies consigned to the applicant marked freight prepaid, showing flight number and flight date, number of this credit and notify the applicant.
Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå »çº» 2ºÎ ¼öÇÏÀÎÀº °³¼³ÀÎ, ¿îÀÓ Áö±ÞÇÊ, ºñÇà¹øÈ£¿Í ºñÇàÀÏÀÚ Ç¥½Ã, ½Å¿ëÀå ¹øÈ£¿Í ¿¬¶ôó °³¼³ÀÇ·ÚÀÎ
+ Insurance policy in assignable form and endorsed in blank for 110% invoice value (DDU value) covering all risks showing claim payable in country V in invoice currency, in 1 copy.
º¸Çè Áõ±Ç »çº» 1ºÎ ¾çµµ °¡´É, ¹éÁö ¹è¼, »ó¾÷¼ÛÀåÀÇ °¡°ÝÀÇ 110% ºÎº¸, (DDU °¡°Ý) ¸ðµç À§Çè ºÎº¸, ±¹°¡ V ¿¡¼ Áö±Þ °¡´É, »ó¾÷¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÅëÈ
Field 47A of MT700 (Additional Conditions):
Ãß°¡ Á¶°Çµé
+ Port of loading/airport of departure: any airport and/or port in Sweden and/or European countries and/or China.
¼±ÀûÇ× / Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×: ½º¿þµ§, À¯·´, ¶Ç´Â Áß±¹ °øÇ× ¶Ç´Â Ç×±¸
+ In case of shipment by air, AWB date deemed to be the date of shipment.
Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀÇ °æ¿ì, Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ´Â ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚ·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù.
Following is an extract of the presented air waybill:
´ÙÀ½Àº Á¦½ÃµÈ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÌ´Ù.
Air Waybill
Airport of Departure
SWEDEN
Nature and Quantity of Goods
Telecommunication Equipment
Actual Flight No. and Date
QR688/17
For Carrier¡¯s Use Only
Flight Date Flight Date
092/15 688/17
ABC Global Forwarding AB as Agent
For the Carrier Qatar Airways
2011/06/13
Executed on (Date)
Signature of Issuing Carrier
Following is an extract of the presented insurance policy:
´ÙÀ½Àº Á¦½ÃµÈ º¸Çè Áõ±ÇÀÌ´Ù.
Marine Insurance Policy Place and Date of Issue
Stockholm
2001-06-17
Sent By From AWB Dated
Airfreight Arlanda Airport in 2011-06-17
Sweden
The issuing bank raised the following discrepancies.
°³¼³ÀºÇàÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÇÏÀÚµéÀ» ÁöÀûÇÏ¿´´Ù.
1. AWB NOT SHOWING ACTUAL AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE
Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡¼ ½ÇÁ¦ Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
2. INSURANCE POLICY SHOWING INCORRECT AWB DATE
º¸Çè Áõ±Ç¿¡´Â Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ°¡ Ʋ·È´Ù.
The nominated bank disagreed with the discrepancies based on the following reasons:
ÁöÁ¤ÀºÇàÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »çÀ¯·Î ÇÏÀÚ ÁöÀû¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¹Ý¹ÚÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
- 1st discrepancy ¡°AWB: NOT SHOWING ACTUAL AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE¡±.
ù ¹ø° ÇÏÀÚ: Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
- 2nd discrepancy: ¡°INSURANCE POLICY: SHOWING INCORRECT AWB DATE¡± The insurance policy shows ¡°AWB dated 2011-06-17¡± and ¡°Place and date of issue – Stockholm 2011-06-17¡±.
µÎ ¹ø° ÇÏÀÚ: º¸Çè Áõ±Ç¿¡ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå ÀÏÀÚ°¡ Ʋ¸°´Ù. º¸Çè Áõ±ÇÀº Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå ¹ßÇàÀÏÀÚ 2011³â6¿ù17ÀÏ ±×¸®°í ¹ßÇà Àå¼Ò¿Í ÀÏÀÚ ½ºÅåȦ¸§ 2011³â6¿ù17ÀÏ·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
The copy AWB shows (i) the execution date as 2011/06/13 and (ii) ¡°ACTUAL FLIGHT NO AND DATE: QR688/17¡±.
Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå »çº»Àº (i)¼¸íÀÏÀÚ 2011³â6¿ù13ÀÏ ±×¸®°í (ii)½ÇÁ¦ ºñÇà¹øÈ£¿Í ÀÏÀÚ QR688/17·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
The LC does not describe how to identify the AWB date in the copy AWB.
½Å¿ëÀå¿¡¼´Â Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ »çº» Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡¼ ¾î¶»°Ô ã´ÂÁö ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
Contra proferentem rule is therefore applicable and, as a result, treating 17 as the AWB date is reasonable.
¹®¼ÀÇ Çؼ®À» ¹®¼ ±â¾ÈÀÚ¿¡°Ô ºÒ¸®ÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â Contra proferentem ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ µû¶ó¼ ¿©±â¿¡ Àû¿ëÀÌ µÇ°í 17À» Ç×°ø¿î¼ÛÀå ÀÏÀÚ·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÌ´Ù.
The issuing bank insisted on the discrepancies with the following reasons:
°³¼³ÀºÇàÀº ÇÏÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Á¡À» ÁöÀûÇÏ¿´´Ù.
The LC requires copy AWB instead of original. Article 23 is not applicable.
½Å¿ëÀåÀº Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå ¿øº»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »çº»À» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 23Á¶´Â Àû¿ëÀÌ ¾È µÈ´Ù.
The presented copy AWB need not show the actual airport of departure in Sweden.
Á¦½ÃµÈ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå »çº»Àº ½º¿þµ§ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×À» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
Showing ¡°Sweden¡± in the airport departure field is okay and there is no conflict between the copy AWB and the LC. ISBP Publication No. 681, paragraph 20 also refers.
Ãâ¹ß °øÇ× Ç׸ñ¿¡ ½º¿þµ§À» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø°í Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå »çº»°ú ½Å¿ëÀå »çÀÌ¿¡ »óÃæµÊÀº ¾ø´Ù. ÂüÁ¶ ISBP Publication No. 681, ´Ü¶ô 20
1st discrepancy:
ù ¹ø° ÇÏÀÚ
Although article 23 would not apply on the basis of the document being a copy of a transport document, the LC explicitly required an airport of departure.
½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 23Á¶°¡ ¿î¼Û ¼·ù°¡ »çº»ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Àû¿ëÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ½Å¿ëÀåÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Consequently, there are prevailing "data contents" as referred to in UCP 600 sub-article 14 (f) to consider upon the examination of the copy AWB.
µû¶ó¼ ½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 14Á¶(f)Ç׿¡¼ °¡¸®Å°°í ÀÖ´Â ¡°Á¤º¸ ³»¿ë¡±ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº» °ËÅä¿¡ °í·Á°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
A requirement for an airport of departure could not be seen as a requirement for a mere quotation "Sweden" but is actually an explicit statement requiring an identification of the airport from where the shipment took place.
Ãâ¹ß °øÇ׿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä±¸ Á¶°ÇÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ½º¿þµ§À̶ó´Â Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¼±ÀûÀÌ ÀÏ¾î³ °øÇ×À» ³ªÅ¸³»¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¿ä±¸ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡°Sweden" alone is not an identification of an airport. A copy of a transport document would be expected to capture essential and operative data required to fulfill the function of the document.
½º¿þµ§À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº °øÇ×À» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿î¼Û ¼·ùÀÇ »çº»Àº ¼·ùÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ÃæÁ·ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
2nd discrepancy:
µÎ ¹ø° ÇÏÀÚ
It cannot be established that the AWB date as shown in the insurance policy coincides with the AWB date.
º¸Çè Áõ±Ç¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ´Â Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡µÊÀ» º¼ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
The contra proferentem rule states that where there is doubt about the meaning of the contract, the words will be construed against the person who put them forward.
Contra proferentem ±ÔÄ¢Àº ¸¸ÀÏ °è¾àÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®ÀÌ ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ ±× ¹®¾ÈÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ºÒ¸®ÇÏ°Ô Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
However, in respect of L/C's UCP is governing, and the rules are binding unless they are modified or excluded by the credit.
±×·¯³ª ½Å¿ëÀå¿¡ À־ ½Å¿ëÀå ÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÌ·± ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ ½Å¿ëÀå¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ º¯°æ ¶Ç´Â ¹èÁ¦µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ Àû¿ëÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
LC practitioners are aware that AWB's generally have an identification of a flight number and date for carrier use only which follows the principle of only indicating a one or two digit number as representing the flight date.
½Å¿ëÀå ½Ç¹«ÀÚµéÀº Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡ ¿î¼ÛÀÎÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» À§Çؼ ºñÇà ¹øÈ£¿Í ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºñÇà ÀÏÀÚ Ç¥½Ã¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇÑ ±ÛÀÚ ¶Ç´Â µÎ ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿øÄ¢À» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù.
In UCP 500 it was explicitly highlighted that such information was not to be considered upon checking of documents, and although not stated the same way in UCP 600 the same practice to disregard it remains.
½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 5Â÷ °³Á¤¿¡´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ±×·± Á¤º¸¸¦ ¼·ù¸¦ °ËÅäÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï µÇ¾îÀÖ¾ú°í 6Â÷ °³Á¤¿¡¼µµ °°Àº ¹®±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ±×·± ³»¿ëÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °°Àº ¼·ù °ËÅä ¹æ½ÄÀÌ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.
For flight information stated in the manner corresponding to a carrier standard and for carrier use only, the carrier is in a position, in case of doubt, to verify the relevant month from its own records and thus it is understandable that it would suffice for carrier use.
¿î¼ÛÀÎÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ°ú ¿î¼ÛÀÎ »ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ ºñÇà Á¤º¸°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ °ÍÀº Ç×°ø»ç¿¡¼ ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±â·Ï¿¡¼ ÇØ´ç ¿ùÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·± ¹æ½ÄÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â ¿î¼ÛÀÎÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡´Â ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.
Such option to verify the correct month is not available for a document checker when checking documents under an LC.
±×·¯³ª ±×·± ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ùÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½Å¿ëÀå ÇÏ¿¡¼ ¼·ù¸¦ °ËÅäÇÏ´Â ÀºÇà ´ã´çÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
A separate notation as required would be expected to identify the date as per such standard so that it is possible to identify the date of which month.
º°µµÀÇ ºÎ±â°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù¸é ±×·± Ç¥ÁØ ÇÏ¿¡¼ ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±×¸®°í ÇØ´ç ¿ùÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Additional comments from the issuing bank:
°³¼³ÀºÇàÀÇ Ãß°¡Àû ÀÇ°ßÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
A separately indicated actual flight date would be expected to indicate the day and month if it is to overrule the existing AWB signature date and constitute an AWB date and shipment date.
º°µµ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ½ÇÁ¦ ºñÇà ÀÏÀÚ°¡ ÇØ´ç Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ¼¸íÀÏÀÚ¿Í Ç×°ø¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¿Í ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚ º¸´Ù ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÀÌ µÇ±â À§Çؼ´Â ÀÏÀÚ¿Í ¿ùÀÌ Ç¥½Ã°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
It should be noted that several other airway bills were included in the same presentation, with airway bills¡¯ signature dates in April, May, June and July.
º» °Ç ¼±Àû ¼·ù Á¦½Ã¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåµéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾ú°í ¿©±â¿¡´Â Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ¼¸í ÀÏÀÚ°¡ 4¿ù, 5¿ù, 6¿ù ±×¸®°í 7¿ù °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
All airway bills, except the one under discussion, indicate an actual flight date by stating a day number and month either as April, May, Jun, or Jul.
ÇöÀç ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåµéÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ºñÇà ÀÏÀÚ°¡ ÇØ´ç ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ°í ¿ùÀº 4¿ù, 5¿ù, 6¿ù ¶Ç´Â 7¿ù·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
This would support the position that stating the month is considered instrumental for the identification of the actual date of shipment.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ¼±Àû ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¿ùÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÔÀåÀ» ´ëº¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í º»´Ù.
Further arguments from the nominated bank:
´ÙÀ½Àº ¸ÅÀÔÀºÇàÀÇ Ãß°¡ ÁÖÀåÀÌ´Ù.
The issuing bank challenged whether ¡°17¡± alone could be treated as a date. According to the Oxford Advanced Learner¡¯s English Dictionary, a number alone is also considered a date.
°³¼³ÀºÇàÀº 17 À̶ó´Â ¼ýÀÚ Çϳª°¡ ÀÏÀÚ·Î °£ÁÖµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ Àǹ®À» Á¦±âÇß´Ù. ¿Á½ºÆ÷µå ¿µ¾î »çÀü¿¡ º¸¸é ÇϳªÀÇ ¼ýÀÚµµ ÀÏÀÚ·Î °£ÁÖµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
As LC practitioners are aware, airway bills very often show the flight number (i.e., an airline code + a number) and date (i.e., a number) this way.
½Å¿ëÀå ½Ç¹«ÀÚµéÀº Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡ ºñÇà ¹øÈ£ (Áï Ç×°ø»ç ±âÈ£¿Í ¹øÈ£) ±×¸®°í ÀÏÀÚ (Áï ¹øÈ£)¸¦ ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.
We would appreciate your official opinion whether the above discrepancies are valid or invalid and your opinion on whether ISBP681 Paragraph 142 is also applicable to a copy of a transport document.
¿ì¸®´Â À§ÀÇ ÇÏÀÚ ÁöÀûÀÌ Á¤´çÇÑÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¿Í ±¹Á¦Ç¥ÁØÀºÇà°üÇà ´Ü¶ô 142 ¹øÀÌ ¿î¼Û ¼·ùÀÇ »çº»¿¡µµ Àû¿ëÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù.
¡¼°ø½Ä ÀÇ°ß¡½
ANALYSIS
ºÐ¼®
Discrepancy 1 - AWB NOT SHOWING ACTUAL AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE
ÇÏÀÚ 1 – Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
A photocopy of an air waybill is not a transport document covered by the content of UCP 600 articles 19-25 and the examination thereof is to be completed only to the extent expressly stated in the credit, otherwise in accordance with UCP 600 sub-article 14 (f).
Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»Àº ½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 19-25Á¶ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í »çº»ÀÇ °ËÅä´Â ½Å¿ëÀå¿¡¼ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿Í ½Å¿ëÀå ÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 14Á¶(f)Ç׿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÇÑ´Ù.
Data shown on a photocopy of an air waybill is to be read in context with the credit, the document itself and international standard banking practice but is not to conflict with data in that document, any other stipulated document or the credit.
Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ³»¿ëÀº ½Å¿ëÀå, ÇØ´ç ¼·ù¿Í ±¹Á¦Ç¥ÁØÀºÇà °üÇàÀÇ ¹®¸Æ¿¡¼ »ìÆì¾ß ÇÏ°í ÇØ´ç ¼·ùÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ³»¿ë, ´Ù¸¥ ¿ä±¸ ¼·ù ¶Ç´Â ½Å¿ëÀåÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú »óÃæÀÌ µÇ¾î¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
When read in context with the credit, there was a specific requirement (in field 47A of the MT700) for the document to show as airport of departure ¡°any airport in Sweden and/or European countries and/or China¡± when dispatch is effected by air.
½Å¿ëÀåÀÇ ¹®¸Æ ¼Ó¿¡¼ Àо¸é ¸¸ÀÏ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸é Ç׸ñ 47A¿¡´Â ¼·ù¿¡ Ãâ¹ß°øÇ×À» ¡°½º¿þµ§, À¯·´, ¶Ç´Â Áß±¹ÀÇ °øÇס±À¸·Î ¸í½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Although UCP 600 article 23 does not apply to a photocopy of an air waybill, the requirement that dispatch was to be effected from any airport in Sweden is to be complied with.
½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 23Á¶°¡ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ¼±ÀûÀÌ ½º¿þµ§ÀÇ °øÇ׿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀº ÃæÁ·µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ISBP Publication 681, paragraph 20 includes ¡°Where a credit allows for the presentation of a copy transport document rather than an original, the credit must explicitly state the details to be shown.¡±
±¹Á¦Ç¥ÁØÀºÇà °üÇà ´Ü¶ô 20Àº ¡°½Å¿ëÀå¿¡¼ ¿î¼Û ¼·ùÀÇ ¿øº» ´ë½Å »çº»À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¸é ½Å¿ëÀåÀº ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¸í¼¼¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.¡±°í µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
In this case, the credit includes an explicit requirement, in field 47A, for the airport of departure to be any airport in Sweden and/or European countries and/or China, and the photocopy air waybill should have evidenced the name of a specific airport of departure located in Sweden.
º» ÁúÀÇ¿¡¼ ½Å¿ëÀåÀº Ç׸ñ 47A¿¡ Ãâ¹ß°øÇ×À» ½º¿þµ§, À¯·´, ¶Ç´Â Áß±¹ÀÇ °øÇ×À¸·Î ¿äûÇÏ´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÇÏ¿´°í Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»Àº ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ½º¿þµ§¿¡ Àִ ƯÁ¤ °øÇ×ÀÇ À̸§À» ¸í½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çß´Ù.
In response to the specific question in the query, ISBP Publication 681, paragraph 142 would apply in this case, owing to the specific requirement in field 47A of the credit.
ÁúÀÇÀÇ Áú¹®Àº ½Å¿ëÀåÀÇ Ç׸ñ 47A¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¹Á¦Ç¥ÁØÀºÇà °üÇà ´Ü¶ô 142°¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.
It is to be noted that the reference to ¡°non-negotiable photocopies¡± in field 46A has no meaning in the context of the provisions of UCP 600 and should not be used in describing the type of document to be presented.
½Å¿ëÀåÀÇ Ç׸ñ 46A ÀÇ ¡°non-negotiable photocopies¡±´Â ½Å¿ëÀå ÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ ¼Ó¿¡¼ Ưº°ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê°í µû¶ó¼ Á¦½Ã µÇ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¼·ù¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇؼ´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
Where it is appropriate or necessary, a credit should refer to a ¡°photocopy of the air waybill¡± or a ¡°copy of the air waybill¡±
ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì ½Å¿ëÀå¿¡¼´Â Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå »çÁø º¹»ç ¶Ç´Â Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
Discrepancy 2 - INSURANCE POLICY SHOWING INCORRECT AWB DATE
µÎ ¹ø° ÇÏÀÚ – º¸Çè Áõ±ÇÀº Ʋ¸° Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù
The credit required, amongst other specified data, that the photocopy of the air waybill is to show the flight number and flight date.
½Å¿ëÀåÀº ´Ù¸¥ ³»¿ëÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»¿¡ ºñÇà ¹øÈ£¿Í ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
In this respect, the photocopy of the air waybill indicates ¡°Actual Flight no and date: QR688/17¡±.
ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡¼ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»Àº ¡°ºñÇà ¹øÈ£¿Í ÀÏÀÚ: QR688/17¡±À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
The insurance policy indicated ¡°AWB dated 2011-06-17¡± and ¡°Place and date of issue Stockholm 2011-06-17¡±.
º¸Çè Áõ±ÇÀº Ç×°ø¿î¼ÛÀå ÀÏÀÚ 2011³â6¿ù17ÀÏ ±×¸®°í ¹ßÇàÀå¼Ò¿Í ÀÏÀÚ ½ºÅåȦ¸§ 2011³â6¿ù17ÀÏ·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
Whilst it is common practice in the transport industry to indicate flight dates by reference to a day only, rather than showing the day and the month of dispatch, a document examiner would look for data on the photocopy of an air waybill that would provide an indication of the applicable month.
¿î¼Û »ê¾÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ºñÇàÀÏÀÚ¸¦ ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚÀÇ ¿ù°ú ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ Àϸ¸À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÈçÇÏÁö¸¸ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå »çº»¿¡¼ ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ »ìÆ캸´Â ÀºÇà ½Ç¹«ÀÚ´Â ÇØ´ç ¿ù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.
In this respect, it would be reasonable for a document examiner to read the flight date ¡°QR688/17¡± in conjunction with other date information indicated on the insurance policy (e.g., AWB dated 2011-06-17) and determine the month as June.
ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀºÇà ½Ç¹«ÀÚ´Â ºñÇàÀÏÀÚ ¡°QR688/17¡±À» º¸ÇèÁõ±ÇÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ³»¿ë°ú ÇÔ²² »ìÆì º½À¸·Î Çؼ (¿¹, Ç×°ø¿î¼ÛÀå ÀÏÀÚ 2011³â6¿ù17ÀÏ) ÇØ´ç ¿ùÀÌ 6¿ùÀ̶ó°í °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Although the reasons put forward by the issuing bank, in justification of their refusal are not valid, it should be noted that in this particular case the credit indicated (in field 47A):
ºñ·Ï ÀڽŵéÀÇ Áö±Þ °ÅÀýÀ» Á¤´çÈ Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °³¼³ÀºÇàÀÌ Á¦½ÃÇÑ »çÀ¯´Â ¿ÇÁö ¸øÇÏÁö¸¸ º» °Ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ½Å¿ëÀåÀº Ç׸ñ 47A¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¡°In case of shipment by air, AWB date deemed to be the date of shipment¡±
¼±ÀûÀÌ Ç×°øÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â °æ¿ì Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚ·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù.
It is interesting to note that the issuing bank did not appear to refer to this condition in their communications with the nominated bank in justification of their refusal.
°³¼³ÀºÇàÀÌ ¸ÅÀÔÀºÇà¿¡°Ô ÀڽŵéÀÇ Áö±Þ °ÅÀýÀ» Á¤´çÈ ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ÀÌ Á¶°ÇÀ» °¡¸®Å°Áö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
The extract from the photocopy of the air waybill indicates that the original air waybill appears to have been signed by the agent of the carrier on 2011/06/13 and, due to the wording in field 47A this date would represent the date of shipment.
Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ »çº»ÀÇ ¹ßÃé º»À» »ìÆì º¸¸é ¿ø Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀº Ç×°ø»çÀÇ ´ë¸®ÀÎÀÌ 2011³â6¿ù13ÀÏ¿¡ ¼¸íÀ» ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ°í ½Å¿ëÀå Ç׸ñ 47AÀÇ ¹®±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ÀÌ ÀÏÀÚ´Â ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º»´Ù.
UCP 600 sub-article 28 (e) requires that ¡°The date of the insurance document must be no later than the date of shipment, unless it appears from the insurance document that the cover is effective from a date not later than the date of shipment¡±
½Å¿ëÀåÅëÀϱÔÄ¢ 28Á¶(e)Ç×Àº ¡°º¸ÇèÁõ±ÇÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ´Â ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚº¸´Ù ´Ê¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÇ°í ´Ü º¸Çè Áõ±ÇÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚ º¸´Ù ´ÊÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀڷκÎÅÍ ºÎº¸°¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù´Â ¹®±¸°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù¡±°í µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
The insurance document was dated on 2011-06-17 and indicated ¡°AWB dated 2011-06-17¡± which was the actual flight date whereas the credit specifically stated that the date of issuance of the air waybill will be considered to be the date of shipment.
º¸ÇèÁõ±ÇÀº 2011³â6¿ù17ÀÏ¿¡ ¹ßÇàµÇ¾ú°í ³»¿ë Áß¿¡ Ç×°ø¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ´Â 2011³â6¿ù17ÀÏÀ̶ó°í Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ºñÇàÀÏÀڷμ ½Å¿ëÀåÀº ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î Ç×°ø¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ¹ßÇàÀÏÀÚ°¡ ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚ·Î °£Áֵȴٰí Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
This was despite the separate requirement for the air waybill to indicate the flight number and date.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½Å¿ëÀå¿¡¼ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡ ºñÇà¹øÈ£¿Í ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇ϶ó´Â ¿ä±¸¿Í º°µµ·Î ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â »çÇ×ÀÌ´Ù.
The insurance policy is dated later than the date of shipment as defined by the terms and conditions of the credit.
º¸ÇèÁõ±ÇÀº ½Å¿ëÀåÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¶ó Á¤ÀÇµÈ ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚº¸´Ù ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¹ßÇàÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
CONCLUSION
°á·Ð
The first discrepancy is valid.
ù ¹ø° ÇÏÀÚ´Â Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù.
The second discrepancy is valid.
µÎ ¹ø° ÇÏÀÚµµ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù.
¡¼°ø½ÄÀÇ°ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ËÅ䡽
ÀºÇà¿¡¼ÀÇ ÇÏÀÚ ÁöÀûÀº »ç½Ç ÇÏÀÚ ³»¿ëÀÌ ½Ç¹«¿¡ ¿µÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±× ±Ù°Å¸¦ °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀºÇàÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ ÇÏ´Ù º¸¸é ½Ç¹«¿Í´Â ÀüÇô ¿µÇâÀÌ ¾ø´Âµ¥µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¼·ù »óÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÇ »óÀÌÇÔÀ» °®°í ÇÏÀÚ¸¦ ÁöÀûÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
º» °ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ½ÇÁ¦ °Å·¡¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹®¼»óÀÇ ÇÏÀÚ´Â ¾Æ´Ñ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª ÀÏ´Ü ½Å¿ëÀå¿¡¼ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¼öÃâ»óÀÌ ¼±Àû ¼·ù¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¶§ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ±×·± Á¶°Ç¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î¼ ÀÛ¼ºÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
º» °Ç¿¡¼ ÇÏÀÚ Å뺸´Â µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» °®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Çϳª´Â Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡ Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×ÀÌ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. µÑ°´Â º¸Çè Áõ±Ç¿¡ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ°¡ À߸ø ±âÀԵǾîÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
ù°, Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡ Ãâ¹ß °øÇ×Àº ½ÇÁ¦ °øÇ×ÀÌ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¦½ÃµÈ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀå¿¡´Â Ãâ¹ß °øÇ׿¡ Sweden À̶ó°í µÇ¾îÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±âº»ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù.
µÑ°, º¸Çè Áõ±Ç¿¡ Ç×°ø¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ°¡ À߸ø ±âÀԵǾî ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. º¸ÇèÁõ±ÇÀÇ ºÎº¸´Â ¼±ÀûÀÏÀڷκÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ´Â ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÚÀ̹ǷΠÀ̳¯ºÎÅÍ ºÎº¸°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ Ç×°ø ¿î¼ÛÀåÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ°¡ Ʋ¸°´Ù´Â °ÍÀº º¸ÇèÁõ±ÇÀÇ ºÎº¸¿¡ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ì °³¼³ÀºÇàÀÇ ÇÏÀÚ Å뺸¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¸ÅÀÔÀºÇàÀº ¾î¶² Ç׺¯µµ ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
[¿ÜȯÀºÇà ¿Üȯ¾÷¹«ºÎ ¼Ûâ¼ø ¹Ì±¹º¯È£»ç/¼ö¼®»ó´ã¿ª thomas@keb.co.kr Thomas.Song@azbar.org]